![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() There appears to be a watershed between the world of breeders who register their dogs with the Kennel Clubs and the world of the racing Greyhound industry. Those who learn to use the Norwegian/Scandinavian catheter especially appreciate its simplicity. It appears that the use of a video endoscope especially attracts the younger colleagues, and is also appreciated by breeders who can watch on the screen as the semen is injected into the uterus. More and more veterinarians are, however, learning one or the other of the TCI techniques. Canine minitube full#Intrauterine Insemination using LaparoscopyĪbdominal laparoscopy should offer a somewhat more acceptable alternative to full surgery for AI in the dog, but this method has not met with acceptance from practitioners, most likely because they are more used to the surgical technique.Ī recent survey on the web-lists for small animal reproductionists reveals that surgical AI probably currently still is the most commonly used technique for AI in the dog, especially when frozen-thawed semen is used, or when the number of spermatozoa is low or semen of inferior quality is used. associated with surgery in general and the limited number of surgical AI’s that can be performed in a given bitch are two obvious disadvantages. The method is, however, considered by many to be unethical and unacceptably stressful for the bitch. Surgery to effect intrauterine insemination is still widely used. 2) have a long learning curve, but once learned they are quick procedures, performed in the unsedated, standing bitch, and usually being accomplished within minutes (7,8,9,20). To learn the techniques for non-surgical TCI using the Norwegian/Scandinavian catheter (Fig. Transcervical intrauterine insemination can also be accomplished with the aid of a rigid fiberoptic endoscope, with or without a deflector and camera and monitor, and a canine 6-8 Fr gauge urinary catheter. The three sizes of the Norwegian/Scandinavian AI catheter for non-surgical TCI in dogs, and two sizes of rigid plastic single-use catheters for vaginal AI.įigure 2. In for instance The Netherlands, Norway and Sweden the use of surgical AI is not considered ethically acceptable, and therefore is illegal, whereas in the UK its use is very restricted.įigure 1. Methods for AI in bitches include vaginal deposition of the semen, transcervical intrauterine deposition (TCI) using the Norwegian/Scandinavian catheter or with the aid of a rigid endoscope, and intrauterine (IU) insemination by laparoscopy or full abdominal surgery. Only AIs using frozen-thawed semen must be performed by a veterinarian. In the USA the breeders are now allowed to perform semen collections themselves and also to perform AIs using fresh and chilled semen. In some countries only veterinarians may perform AIs in dogs. ![]() No information is available about the numbers of AIs being performed by breeders themselves. In Europe today around 50-55% of canine inseminations that are performed by veterinarians are done with freshly collected semen, while 10% are done with chilled, extended semen and 35-40% with frozen-thawed semen. Litter size has been estimated to be 25-30% smaller in bitches receiving frozen semen compared to fresh and chilled (6,8,10,11,12). Litter size using intra-uterine AI of frozen-thawed semen is also significantly larger than by vaginal AI. Whelping rates by intrauterine AI in the dog are significantly better than those obtained by vaginal AI not only for frozen-thawed semen (by 51%) but also for chilled (by 44%) as well as for fresh semen (by 30%). The keys to obtaining good results by canine artificial insemination are proper timing of the insemination, the use of an adequate number of spermatozoa of good quality, good semen handling and preparation methods, and to apply an intrauterine inseminaton technique. Breeders now use stud dogs from all over the world, and save semen from valuable dogs to be used in later generations. Email: interest from dog breeders to use artificial insemination (AI) is rapidly increasing world wide both because the results are improving due to advances in our understanding of canine reproduction, and improvement of the techniques, but also because of an increasing awareness that by AI spread of diseases can be prevented. Catharina Linde Forsberg, Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences¸ Box 7054, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. ![]()
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